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Oncology

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HALLMARK ASSAYS

  • MTT assay in cancer cell lines of various organs (solid cancers and leukemia/Lymphoma)DRF/CB/ON-01

    This assay evaluates the cytotoxic effects of various cytotoxic agents (e.g., Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Paclitaxel) on human and murine cancer cell lines (both solid cancers and leukemia/lymphoma) by measuring MTT reduction, LDH release, or XTT conversion to assess cell viability.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      MTT reduction; LDH release; XTT

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Cytotoxicity
  • Combination studyDRF/CB/ON-02

    Combination study to evaluate Synergy/Additive/ Antagonistic studies using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring MTT reduction; LDH release; XTT.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      MTT reduction; LDH release; XTT

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Synergy/Additive/ Antagonistic studies
  • Activity in Drug resistant cell line(s)DRF/CB/ON-03

    Activity in Drug resistant cell line(s) to evaluate Drug resistance using drug resistant cancer cells, measuring MTT reduction; LDH release; XTT.

    • Cell Model

      Drug resistant cancer cells

    • End Point

      MTT reduction; LDH release; XTT

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Drug resistance
  • Annexin VDRF/CB/ON-04

    Annexin V to evaluate Apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring apoptotic/ necrotic population.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      apoptotic/ necrotic population

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • Mitochondrial potentialDRF/CB/ON-05

    Mitochondrial potential to evaluate Apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring mitochondrial membrane potential.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      Mitochondrial membrane potential

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • Levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl/Bax)DRF/CB/ON-06

    Levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl/Bax) to evaluate apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring expression levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins .

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      Expression levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • Apoptotic bodies visualization (DAPI)DRF/CB/ON-07

    Apoptotic bodies visualization (DAPI) to evaluate apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring presence of condensed nucleus.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      Presence of condensed nucleus

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • PARP cleavageDRF/CB/ON-08

    PARP cleavage to evaluate Apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring expression levels of PARP and cleaved PARP.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      Expression levels of PARP and cleaved PARP

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ cisplatin/ paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • Tunel assayDRF/CB/ON-09

    Tunel assay to evaluate apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring DNA fragmentation.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      DNA fragmentation

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • DNA fragmentation by Hoechst stainingDRF/CB/ON-10

    DNA fragmentation by Hoechst staining to evaluate apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring presence of condensed nucleus.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      Presence of condensed nucleus

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ cisplatin/ paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • Caspase-3 activationDRF/CB/ON-11

    Caspase-3 activation to evaluate Apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring expression levels of Caspase 3.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      Expression levels of Caspase 3

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ cisplatin/ paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • Cell cycle arrestDRF/CB/ON-12

    Cell cycle arrest to evaluate Apoptosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring sub-apoptotic population.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      Sub-apoptotic population

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ cisplatin/ paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Apoptosis
  • Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releaseDRF/CB/ON-13

    Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release to evaluate Necrosis using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring LDH levels.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      LDH levels

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as DDoxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Necrosis
  • Normal cell toxicityDRF/CB/ON-14

    Normal cell toxicity to evaluate safety profile using normal cells such as HEK293, PBMCs, measuring MTT reduction, IC50.

    • Cell Model

      Normal cells such as HEK293, PBMCs

    • End Point

      MTT reduction, IC50

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Safety profile
  • Selectivity index using normal cells/cell line(s)DRF/CB/ON-15

    Selectivity index using normal cells/cell line(s) to evaluate Normal cell selectivity using normal cells such as HEK293, PBMCs, measuring selectivity index.

    • Cell Model

      Normal cells such as HEK293, PBMCs

    • End Point

      Selectivity Index

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Normal cell selectivity
  • Biomarker analysis by multiplexingDRF/CB/ON-16

    Biomarker analysis by multiplexing to evaluate MoA using Human/Murine cancer cells, measuring modulation of biomarkers.

    • Cell Model

      Human/Murine cancer cells

    • End Point

      Modulation of Biomarkers

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      MoA

CELLULAR UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT

  • Cellular uptake, delivery, and subcellular distribution in target cell lines by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy)/ Fluorescence microscopyDRF/CB/ON-17

    Cellular uptake, delivery, and subcellular distribution in target cell lines by TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy)/ Fluorescence microscopy in Based on the therapeutic area to study Uptake/Transport.

    • Cell Model

      Based on the therapeutic area

    • End Point

      Cellular uptake, delivery, and subcellular distribution

    • Reference Drugs

      Based on the therapeutic area

    • Relevance

      Uptake/Transport
  • Quantitative cellular uptake (HPLC and LCMS)DRF/CB/ON-18

    Quantitative cellular uptake (HPLC and LCMS) to evaluate Uptake/Accumulation using based on the therapeutic area, measuring Quantitative cellular uptake.

    • Cell Model

      Based on the therapeutic area

    • End Point

      Quantitative cellular uptake

    • Reference Drugs

      Based on the therapeutic area

    • Relevance

      Uptake/Accumulation

DRUG INDUCED HEMATOTOXICITY

  • CFU-GM assayDRF/CB/ON-19

    CFU-GM assay to evaluate neutropenia using murine bone marrow cells, measuring colony counting.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Bone Marrow Cells

    • End Point

      Colony Counting

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Neutropenia
  • CFU-Mk assayDRF/CB/ON-20

    CFU-Mk assay to evaluate Thrombocytopenia using Murine Bone Marrow Cells, measuring Colony Counting.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Bone Marrow Cells

    • End Point

      Colony Counting

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Thrombocytopenia
  • CFU-E/BFU-E assayDRF/CB/ON-21

    CFU-E/BFU-E assay to evaluate Erythropenia/Anemia using murine bone marrow Cells, measuring colony counting.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Bone Marrow Cells

    • End Point

      Colony Counting

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agents such as Doxorubicin/ Cisplatin/ Paclitaxel etc

    • Relevance

      Erythropenia/Anemia
  • Haemolytic activity by ASTM protocolDRF/CB/ON-21

    Haemolytic activity by ASTM protocol to evaluate Hemolysis using Human/ Rabbit Blood, measuring Haemoglobin content.

    • Cell Model

      Human/ Rabbit Blood

    • End Point

      Haemoglobin content

    • Reference Drugs

      SDS

    • Relevance

      Hemolysis

ANGIOGENESIS (Oncology/Wound Healing/Other Areas)

  • Endothelial cell proliferationDRF/CB/ON-23

    Endothelial cell proliferation to evaluate angiogenesis using endothelial cells such as HUVEC, Eahy.926, measuring percent modulation of proliferation.

    • Cell Model

      Endothelial Cells such as HUVEC, Eahy.926

    • End Point

      Percent modulation of proliferation

    • Reference Drugs

      Paclitaxel/ Angiogenic factors such as VEGF

    • Relevance

      Angiogenesis
  • Endothelial cell migrationDRF/CB/ON-24

    Endothelial cell migration to evaluate angiogenesis using endothelial Cells such as HUVEC, Eahy.926, measuring percent modulation of migration.

    • Cell Model

      Endothelial Cells such as HUVEC, Eahy.926

    • End Point

      Percent modulation of migration

    • Reference Drugs

      Paclitaxel/ Angiogenic factors such as VEGF

    • Relevance

      Angiogenesis
  • Tube formationDRF/CB/ON-25

    Tube formation to evaluate angiogenesis using endothelial cells such as HUVEC, Eahy.926, measuring percent modulation of tube formation.

    • Cell Model

      Endothelial Cells such as HUVEC, Eahy.926

    • End Point

      Percent modulation of tube formation

    • Reference Drugs

      Paclitaxel/ Angiogenic factors such as VEGF

    • Relevance

      Angiogenesis
  • VEGF, EGF, TGF-beta, GMCSF releaseDRF/CB/ON-26

    VEGF, EGF, TGF-beta, GMCSF release to evaluate angiogenesis using endothelial Cells such as HUVEC, Eahy.926, measuring percent modulation of levels of angiogenic factors.

    • Cell Model

      Endothelial Cells such as HUVEC, Eahy.926

    • End Point

      Percent modulation of levels of angiogenic factors

    • Reference Drugs

      Paclitaxel/ Angiogenic factors such as VEGF

    • Relevance

      Angiogenesis

In-VIVO ANGIOGENESIS (Matrigel Plug Assay)

  • Matrigel Plug Assay for In-vivo Angiogenesis modelPCY/ON-04

    In-vivo angiogenesis (Matrigel plug assay) model in Athymic Nude mice, assessing hemoglobin content and histology.

    • Animal Model

      Athymic Nude Mice

    • End Point

      Hemoglobin content, Histology,Immunohistochemistry

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent

ANTICANCER ( Xenograft/ Syngeneic/ Surgical Orthotopic/Anti-Metastasis/Anti-Leukemia/ Tumorigenicity/ Chemical-induced Cancer)

  • Anti-tumor activity in xenograft modelPCY/ON-01

    Anti-tumor activity in a xenograft model using tumor-bearing Nude/SCID mice. Endpoints include tumor volume, growth inhibition, %T/C, and body weight.

    • Animal Model

      Tumor bearing Nude/SCID mice

    • End Point

      Tumor Volume, Growth Inhibition, %T/C, Growth Delay, Body weight

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent
  • Anti-tumor activity in syngeneic modelPCY/ON-02

    Anti-tumor activity in a syngeneic tumor-bearing model (BALB/c, C57BL/6 mice), measuring tumor volume, growth inhibition, %T/C, and body weight.

    • Animal Model

      Tumor bearing BALB/c/C57BL/6 mice

    • End Point

      Tumor Volume, Growth Inhibition, %T/C, Growth Delay, Body weight

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent
  • Surgical Orthotopic modelPCY/ON-03

    Surgical orthotopic model using Athymic Nude/SCID mice, measuring survival, tumor volume, and histology.

    • Animal Model

      Athymic Nude /SCID Mice

    • End Point

      Survival proportion, Body weight, Histology, Clinical sign

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent
  • In-vivo Anti-Metastasis assay via Intravenous routePCY/ON-05

    In-vivo anti-metastasis assay via intravenous route in B16F10 mice, assessing lung melanoma colony count and histology.

    • Animal Model

      B16F10 Mice

    • End Point

      Lung melanoma colony count, Body weight, Clinical sign,Histology of lung

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent
  • In-vivo Anti-Leukemia activity modelPCY/ON-06

    Anti-leukemia activity model in NOD SCID mice, evaluating clinical score, body weight, and % increased lifespan.

    • Animal Model

      NOD SCID Mice

    • End Point

      Clinical score, Body weight change, % Increased Life span, Kaplan Meier curve, CD 45 level in whole blood

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent
  • Tumorigenicity modelPCY/ON-07

    Tumorigenicity model using Athymic Nude/SCID mice, assessing tumor growth rate, % tumor take, and doubling time.

    • Animal Model

      Athymic Nude/SCID Mice

    • End Point

      Tumor Volume, Growth rate,% Tumor take up, Tumor volume, Tumor doubling time

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent
  • AOM-DSS induced colon cancer modelPCY/ON-08

    AOM-DSS induced colon cancer model in C57BL/6 mice, assessing body weight, polyps count, cytokine estimation, and histology.

    • Animal Model

      C57BL/6 Mice

    • End Point

      Body weight, Clinical sign, Polyps count, Cytokine estimation, Histology, Immunohistochemistry

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent
  • DMBA + Croton Oil induced skin cancer modelPCY/ON-09

    DMBA + Croton Oil-induced skin cancer in Swiss Albino mice, assessing body weight, polyps count, and histology

    • Animal Model

      Swiss Albino Mice

    • End Point

      Body weight, Polyps count, Histology

    • Reference Drugs

      Cytotoxic agent