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Immunopathology

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IMMUNOMODULATION

  • Cytokine secretion in Dendritic cells/Macrophages/Splenocytes (Panel available on request)DRF/CB/IM-01

    Cytokine secretion in Dendritic cells/Macrophages/Splenocytes in Murine Bone Marrow Cells/ Murine Splenocytes/ RAW 264.7 to study immunity.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Bone Marrow Cells/ Murine Splenocytes/ RAW 264.7

    • End Point

      Percent modulation of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      LPS/ Con-A

    • Relevance

      Immunity
  • Phagocytosis in macrophagesDRF/CB/IM-02

    Phagocytosis in macrophages to evaluate immunity using RAW 264.7, measuring percent modulation in phagocytic activity.

    • Cell Model

      RAW 264.7

    • End Point

      Percent modulation in phagocytic activity

    • Reference Drugs

      LPS/ Con-A

    • Relevance

      Immunity
  • Natural Killer (NK) cell activityDRF/CB/IM-03

    Natural Killer (NK) cell activity to evaluate immunity using Murine Splenocytes & YAC-1, measuring percent modulation in NK Cell Activity.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Splenocytes & YAC-1

    • End Point

      Percent modulation in NK Cell Activity

    • Reference Drugs

      LPS/ Con-A

    • Relevance

      Immunity
  • Splenocyte proliferationDRF/CB/IM-04

    Splenocyte proliferation to evaluate immunity using Murine Splenocytes, measuring percent modulation of proliferation.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Splenocytes

    • End Point

      Percent modulation of proliferation

    • Reference Drugs

      LPS/ Con-A

    • Relevance

      Immunity
  • T-Cells activation by CD40/CD86/MHC or CD4/CD8 expressionDRF/CB/IM-05

    T-Cells activation by CD40/CD86/MHC or CD4/CD8 expression to evaluate Immunity using Human Monocytes (THP-1), measuring increase in CD40/CD86/MHC or CD4/CD8 expression by flow cytometry.

    • Cell Model

      Human Monocytes (THP-1)

    • End Point

      Increase in CD40/CD86/MHC or CD4/CD8 expression by flow cytometry

    • Reference Drugs

      LPS/ Con-A

    • Relevance

      Immunity

INFLAMMATION

  • Inflammatory cytokine secretion against LPS in murine/human macrophagesDRF/CB/IF-01

    Inflammatory cytokine secretion against LPS in murine/human macrophages to evaluate systemic inflammation using Murine Splenocytes/Human Monocytes (THP-1), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Splenocytes/Human Monocytes (THP-1)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Systemic inflammation
  • Cytokine release in neuronal cells (panel available on request)DRF/CB/IF-02

    Cytokine release in neuronal cells in Neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y or U251MG) to study Neuronal inflammation.

    • Cell Model

      Neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y or U251MG)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Standard drugs such as Galantamine Hydrobromide, Selegiline Hydrochloride, Levodopa, Rivastigmine and Amantadine Hydrochloride

    • Relevance

      Neuronal inflammation
  • Cytokines release in retinal/corneal cell line (panel available on request)DRF/CB/IF-03

    Cytokines release in retinal/corneal cell line to evaluate Ocular Inflammation using Retinal Pigmented epithelial Cells (ARPE-19), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Retinal Pigmented epithelial Cells (ARPE-19)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Diclofenac/ Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Ocular Inflammation
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in cardiac cells (H9C2)DRF/CB/IF-04

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in cardiac cells (H9C2) in Murine Cardiac Cells (H9C2) to study cardiac inflammation.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Cardiac Cells (H9C2)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Cardiac inflammation
  • Cytokine inhibition in human airway cell line (A549) against inflammatory damage (LPS/cytokine/allergen/Pollutant)DRF/CB/IF-05

    Cytokine inhibition in human airway cell line (A549) against inflammatory damage to evaluate Respiratory Inflammation/Asthma/Rhinitis/Allergy using Lung Epithelial Cells (A549), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Lung Epithelial Cells (A549)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone/Budesonide

    • Relevance

      Respiratory Inflammation/Asthma/Rhinitis/Allergy
  • Mucin secretion in human airway cell line (A549) against inflammatory damage (LPS/cytokine/allergen/Pollutant)DRF/CB/IF-06

    Mucin secretion in human airway cell line (A549) against inflammatory damage (LPS/cytokine/allergen/Pollutant) in Lung Epithelial Cells (A549) to study respiratory inflammation/ Mucolytic.

    • Cell Model

      Lung Epithelial Cells (A549)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone/Budesonide

    • Relevance

      Respiratory inflammation/ Mucolytic
  • Inhibition of P.acnes induced cytokines in human airway cell line (A549)DRF/CB/IF-07

    Inhibition of P.acnes induced cytokines in human airway cell line (A549) to evaluate Sarcoidosis using Lung Epithelial Cells (A549), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines. .

    • Cell Model

      Lung Epithelial Cells (A549)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Sarcoidosis
  • Cytokines secretion in lung fibroblasts (WI- 38)/alveolar cells (A549)DRF/CB/IF-08

    Cytokines secretion in lung fibroblasts (WI- 38)/alveolar cells (A549) to evaluate Respiratory inflammation/COPD/ Asthma using Lung Epithelial Cells (A549) / Human fibroblasts (WI-38), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Lung Epithelial Cells (A549) / Human fibroblasts (WI-38)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Budesonide

    • Relevance

      Respiratory inflammation/COPD/ Asthma
  • ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression in lung fibroblasts (WI- 38)/alveolar cells (A549)DRF/CB/IF-09

    ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression in lung fibroblasts (WI- 38)/alveolar cells (A549) to evaluate Respiratory inflammation/COPD/Asthma using Lung Epithelial Cells (A549) / Human fibroblasts (WI-38), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Lung Epithelial Cells (A549) / Human fibroblasts (WI-38)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Budesonide

    • Relevance

      Respiratory inflammation/COPD/Asthma
  • Histamine release in lung fibroblasts (WI-38)DRF/CB/IF-10

    Histamine release in lung fibroblasts (WI-38) to evaluate COPD/Asthma using lung fibroblasts (WI-38), measuring histamine levels.

    • Cell Model

      Lung fibroblasts (WI-38)

    • End Point

      Histamine levels

    • Reference Drugs

      Budesonide

    • Relevance

      COPD/Asthma
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in gastric cells (AGS)DRF/CB/IF-11

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in gastric cells (AGS) to evaluate Gastric inflammation using Human gastric Cells (AGS), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Human gastric Cells (AGS)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Gastric inflammation
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in colon cells (HT-29)DRF/CB/IF-12

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in colon cells (HT-29) to evaluate Colitis/IBD using Human Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (HT-29), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Human Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (HT-29)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Colitis/IBD
  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in intestinal cell lineDRF/CB/IF-13

    Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in intestinal cell line to evaluate Colitis/IBD using Human Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (HT-29), measuring PGE2 levels.

    • Cell Model

      Human Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (HT-29)

    • End Point

      PGE2 levels

    • Reference Drugs

      Oxytocin

    • Relevance

      Colitis/IBD
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in liver cells (HepG2)DRF/CB/IF-14

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in liver cells (HepG2) to evaluate Liver inflammation using Human Liver Cells (HepG2), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Human Liver Cells (HepG2)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Silymarin

    • Relevance

      Liver inflammation
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in kidney cells (HEK293)DRF/CB/IF-15

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in kidney cells (HEK293) to evaluate Kidney inflammation using Kidney cells (HEK293), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Kidney cells (HEK293)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Kidney inflammation
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in pancreatic cells (PANC-1)DRF/CB/IF-16

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in pancreatic cells (PANC-1) to evaluate Pancreatitis using Pancreatic cells (PANC-1), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Pancreatic cells (PANC-1)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Pancreatitis
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in endometrial cells (Ishikawa)DRF/CB/IF-17

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in endometrial cells (Ishikawa) to evaluate Endometriosis using Endometrial cells (Ishikawa), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Endometrial cells (Ishikawa)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      GnRH-antagonists/ Aromatase inhibitors

    • Relevance

      Endometriosis
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in prostate cells (PC-3)DRF/CB/IF-18

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in prostate cells (PC-3) to evaluate Prostatitis using Prostate cells (PC-3), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Prostate cells (PC-3)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole

    • Relevance

      Prostatitis
  • Cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and MMP inhibition in synovial cells/macrophages/chondrocytesDRF/CB/IF-19

    Cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and MMP inhibition in synovial cells/macrophages/chondrocytes to evaluate Rheumatoid arthritis/ Osteoarthritis using Synovial cells such as SW982/ MH7A, measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Synovial cells such as SW982/ MH7A

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Methotrexate/ Fluvastatin/ Curcumin

    • Relevance

      Rheumatoid arthritis/ Osteoarthritis
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in skin cells (HFF-1/HaCaT)DRF/CB/IF-20

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in skin cells (HFF-1/HaCaT) to evaluate Skin inflammation using Fibroblasts (HFF-1)/ Keratinocytes (HaCaT), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Fibroblasts (HFF-1)/ Keratinocytes (HaCaT)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone/Resveratrol

    • Relevance

      Skin inflammation
  • Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in muscle cells (C2C12)DRF/CB/IF-21

    Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) inhibition in muscle cells (C2C12) to evaluate Muscular inflammation using Murine Myoblast cells(C2C12), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Murine Myoblast cells(C2C12)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Resveratrol

    • Relevance

      Muscular inflammation
  • Viral Antigen induced inflammation (EBV, Zika, HepB, Protein A from S. Aureus)DRF/CB/IF-22

    Viral Antigen induced inflammation (EBV, Zika, HepB, Protein A from S. Aureus to evaluate Viral inflammation using Human Liver Cells (HepG2)/ Human Monocytes (THP-1), measuring percent inhibition of levels of cytokines.

    • Cell Model

      Human Liver Cells (HepG2)/ Human Monocytes (THP-1)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of cytokines

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone/HCQ/Zidovudine/Silymarin

    • Relevance

      Viral inflammation

PAIN

  • COX-1/COX-2 assayDRF/CB/PA-01

    COX-1/COX-2 assay in Cell free to study Pain.

    • Cell Model

      Cell free

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of COX-1/COX-2 activity

    • Reference Drugs

      Aspirin

    • Relevance

      Pain
  • 5-LOX assayDRF/CB/PA-02

    5-LOX assay to evaluate pain using cell free, measuring percent inhibition of levels of 5-LOX activity.

    • Cell Model

      Cell free

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of 5-LOX activity

    • Reference Drugs

      Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA)

    • Relevance

      Pain
  • Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in macrophagesDRF/CB/PA-03

    Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in macrophages to evaluate pain and inflammation using macrophages, measuring PGE2 release.

    • Cell Model

      Macrophages

    • End Point

      PGE2 release

    • Reference Drugs

      NSAIDs

    • Relevance

      Pain and inflammation
  • LTB4 releaseDRF/CB/PA-04

    LTB4 release in Lung Epithelial Cells (A549) to study pain and inflammation.

    • Cell Model

      Lung Epithelial Cells (A549)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of levels of LTB4

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone/ cetirizine

    • Relevance

      Pain and inflammation

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)

  • Proliferation inhibition in synovial cells (SW982)DRF/CB/RA-01

    Proliferation inhibition in synovial cells (SW982) to evaluate Anti-arthritic using synovial cells (SW982), measuring Inhibition of cell proliferation.

    • Cell Model

      Synovial Cells (SW982)

    • End Point

      Inhibition of cell proliferation

    • Reference Drugs

      Fluvastatin/Methotrexate

    • Relevance

      Anti-arthritic
  • Apoptosis in synovial cells (SW982)DRF/CB/RA-02

    Apoptosis in synovial cells (SW982) to evaluate Anti-arthritic using Synovial Cells (SW982), measuring mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle analysis, Annexin V staining.

    • Cell Model

      Synovial Cells (SW982)

    • End Point

      Mitochondrial Membrane potential, Cell cycle analysis, Annexin V staining

    • Reference Drugs

      Fluvastatin/Methotrexate

    • Relevance

      Anti-arthritic
  • Cytokines inhibition in synovial cells (SW982)DRF/CB/RA-03

    Cytokines inhibition in synovial cells (SW982) to evaluate Anti-arthritic using Synovial Cells (SW982), measuring inhibition of cytokines as compared to stimulation .

    • Cell Model

      Synovial Cells (SW982)

    • End Point

      Inhibition of cytokines as compared to stimulation

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Anti-arthritic
  • Migration inhibition in synovial cells (SW982)DRF/CB/RA-04

    Migration inhibition in synovial cells (SW982) to evaluate Anti-arthritic using Synovial Cells (SW982), measuring percent inhibition of migration.

    • Cell Model

      Synovial Cells (SW982)

    • End Point

      Percent inhibition of migration

    • Reference Drugs

      Curcumin/ Fluvastatin

    • Relevance

      Anti-arthritic
  • Biomarkers analysis by multiplexing in synovial cells (SW982)DRF/CB/RA-05

    Biomarkers analysis by multiplexing in synovial cells (SW982) to evaluate anti-arthritic using synovial Cells (SW982), measuring modulation of key biomarkers involved.

    • Cell Model

      Synovial Cells (SW982)

    • End Point

      Modulation of key biomarkers involved

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone

    • Relevance

      Anti-arthritic
  • Activity of osteoblasts (proliferation, ALP, collagen in osteoblasts MG-63)DRF/CB/RA-06

    Activity of osteoblasts (proliferation, ALP, collagen in osteoblasts MG-63) in appropriate cell models to study anti-arthritic.

    • Cell Model

    • End Point

      ALP activity, Collagen levels

    • Reference Drugs

      Calcitriol

    • Relevance

      Anti-arthritic

ALLERGY/HYPERSENSITIVITY

  • Histamine release in mast cellsDRF/CB/AL-01

    Histamine release assay in mast cells (KU812) to study antihistamine effects, using mast cells (KU812).

    • Cell Model

      Mast Cells (KU812)

    • End Point

      Inhibition in Histamine Levels

    • Reference Drugs

      Epinephrine
  • Immunoglobulin E (IgE) release from myeloma cell line (U266)DRF/CB/AL-02

    Immunoglobulin E (IgE) release assay from myeloma cell line (U266) for anti-IgE research, using B-myeloma cells (U266B1).

    • Cell Model

      B-Myeloma cells (U266B1)

    • End Point

      IgE levels

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone
  • Complement activation in human serumDRF/CB/AL-03

    Complement activation analysis in human serum for hypersensitivity research, using human blood.

    • Cell Model

      Human blood

    • End Point

      SC5b9 estimation by ELISA

    • Reference Drugs

      Zymosan

IMMUNOMODULATION

  • Cyclophosphamide/pyrogallol induced immunosuppression modelPCY/IM-01

    Cyclophosphamide/pyrogallol-induced immunosuppression model in rats/mice, assessing IFN gamma, hemogram, Th1-Th2 balance, and Ig levels.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/SD Rats or Balb/c Mice

    • End Point

      IFN gamma in serum, Hemogram, Body weight, Th1-Th2 balance, Ig level

    • Reference Drugs

      Levamisole
  • Cyclophosphamide-Induced Thrombocytopenia modelPCY/IM-02

    Cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia model in rats, measuring platelet count, complete blood count, and haemoglobin.

    • Animal Model

      Sprague Dawley Rats

    • End Point

      Hemogram Platelet count, Complete blood count, Hb

    • Reference Drugs

      Papaya extract

FEVER

  • Anti-pyretic activity of test items using Brewer's Yeast induced hyperthermia Model PCY/FEV-01

    Anti-pyretic activity of test items using Brewer's Yeast induced hyperthermia Model in Wistar/SD Rats to study relevant biological pathways.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/SD Rats

    • End Point

      Kinetics of Body Temperature, Body Weight, Clinical Sign

    • Reference Drugs

      Paracetamol

THROMBOCYTOPENIA

  • Heparin induced thrombocytopenia modelPCY/THR-01

    Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia model in rats, measuring CBC, body weight, rectal temperature, and feed consumption.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/ SD Rats

    • End Point

      CBC, Body weight, Rectal temperature, Feed consumption

    • Reference Drugs

      UPLAT

ANAEMIA

  • Phenyl hydrazine- induced anaemia modelPCY/AN-01

    Phenylhydrazine-induced anemia model in rats, measuring hemoglobin level, complete hematology, and biochemistry.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/ SD Rats

    • End Point

      Hb Level, Complete haematology and Biochemistry

    • Reference Drugs

      Fe Sulphate

INFLAMMATION

  • TNBS induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) modelPCY/INF-01

    Evaluates TNBS-induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in mice, assessing colitis clinical score, body weight, cytokine levels, and histology.

    • Animal Model

      Mice

    • End Point

      Colitis clinical score, Body weight, Cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) level in colon tissue & serum, Histology

    • Reference Drugs

      Sulphasalazine
  • Effect of test compound on intrarectally injected oxazolone induced ulcerative colitis modelPCY/INF-02

    Investigates effects on oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, with a focus on colitis clinical score, body weight, cytokine levels, and colon histology.

    • Animal Model

      Mice

    • End Point

      Colitis clinical score, Body weight, Cytokine (IL-4, IL-13, etc.) level in colon tissue & serum, Histopathological investigation of colon

    • Reference Drugs

      Sulphasalazine
  • Effect of test compound on orally administered Indomethacin induced Chron's Disease modelPCY/INF-03

    Studies indomethacin-induced Crohn's disease in rats by examining ileum macroscopic examination, body weight, cytokine levels, and histopathology.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/ Sprague Dawley (SD) Rats

    • End Point

      Macroscopic examination of Ileum, Body weight, Cytokine (IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α etc.) level in ileum tissue & serum, Histopathological investigation of Ileum

    • Reference Drugs

      Sulphasalazine
  • LPS induced Sepsis modelPCY/INF-04

    LPS-induced sepsis model in C57BL/6 mice, measuring serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6).

    • Animal Model

      C57BL/6 Mice

    • End Point

      Cytokine (TNF-α & IL-6) levels in serum

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone
  • LPS induced Lung inflammation modelPCY/INF-05

    LPS-induced lung inflammation in BALB/c mice, measuring cytokine levels in serum and lung homogenates.

    • Animal Model

      BALB/c Mice

    • End Point

      Cytokine (TNF-α & IL-6) levels in serum, Lung tissue homogenate

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone
  • Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA)-induced Osteoarthritis (OA) modelPCY/INF-06

    Monosodium Iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in rats, measuring pain sensitivity and knee joint histology.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/ Sprague Dawley (SD) Rats

    • End Point

      Pain sensitivity by Pressure application in knee joint, Collagen at knee joint, knee joint histology

    • Reference Drugs

      NSAID
  • DSS induced ulcerative colitis modelPCY/INF-07

    DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model in C57BL/6 mice, assessing UC score, body weight, cytokines, and colon histology.

    • Animal Model

      C57BL/6 Mice

    • End Point

      UC score, Body weight, Cytokine level in colon tissue & serum, Histopathology (H&E) of Colon

    • Reference Drugs

      Sulphasalazine
  • Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Carrageenan Induced Paw Edema modelPCY/INF-08

    Carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats/mice to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, measuring paw volume, edema, and COX levels.

    • Animal Model

      SD Rat /Swiss Albino Mice

    • End Point

      Absolute paw volume, Edema,% activity & PGE2 COX in paw tissue or serum Pain sensitivity

    • Reference Drugs

      Indomethacin
  • Anti-Arthritic Potential of Test Item using Adjuvant (CFA) Induced Arthritis modelPCY/INF-09

    Adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, measuring arthritis score, paw volume, biomarkers, and histology of hind paw.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/ Sprague Dawley (SD) Rat

    • End Point

      Arthritis Score,Paw volume,Body weight,Serum Biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP etc.), Radiography, Histopathology (H&E) of Hind paw

    • Reference Drugs

      Methotrexate, Dexamethasone
  • Collagen-induced Arthritis modelPCY/INF-10

    Collagen-induced arthritis in rats, evaluating arthritis score, paw volume, body weight, biomarkers, and hind paw histopathology.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/ Sprague Dawley (SD) Rat

    • End Point

      Arthritis Score,Paw volume, Body weight, Serum Biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP etc.),Radiography, Histopathology (H&E) of Hind paw

    • Reference Drugs

      Methotrexate, Dexamethasone
  • Cecal Slurry induced SIRS ModelPCY/INF-11

    Cecal slurry-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in rats, assessing clinical signs, body weight, survival analysis, and cytokine levels.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/ Sprague Dawley (SD) Rat

    • End Point

      Clinical sign score, Body weight,Survival analysis, Cytokine level (IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α etc.) is serum and various tissues Histopathology

    • Reference Drugs

      Dexamethasone
  • Carrageenan induced gingivitis model in ratsPCY/INF-11

    Carrageenan-induced gingivitis model in rats assessing pain via Rat Grimace Scale, warm water consumption sensitivity, food consumption, gingivitis scoring, Von Frey test, actophotometer readings, and mouth cavity histopathology

    • Animal Model

      Rat

    • End Point

      Pain Assessment by Rat Grimace Scale, Warm Water Consumption Sensitivity Test, Food Consumption, Gingivitis Scoring, Von Frey Test, Actophotometer and Biomarker Analysis

    • Reference Drugs

      Ketorolac

PAIN

  • Analgesic activity using hot plate methodPCY/PA-01

    Analgesic activity using hot plate method in mice, assessing latency/reaction time and maximum possible analgesia.

    • Animal Model

      Balb/c Mice

    • End Point

      Latency Time/ Reaction Time, Maximum possible analgesia

    • Reference Drugs

      Morphine Sulphate
  • Surgical IVDD (Intraventricular Disc Degeneration) induced back pain modelPCY/PA-02

    Surgical IVDD (intraventricular disc degeneration)-induced back pain model in rats, measuring Von Frey test, pressure application, and spinal cord histology.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/SD Rats

    • End Point

      Electronic Von-Frey, Pressure Application Measurement, Rotarod, Locomotor activity,Histopathology of spinal cord L3-L5

    • Reference Drugs

      Tramadol
  • Analgesic activity using Tail Flick/immersion modelPCY/PA-03

    Analgesic activity using tail flick/immersion model in mice/rats, assessing latency/reaction time and maximum possible analgesia.

    • Animal Model

      Swiss Albino Mice/Wistar, SD Rats

    • End Point

      Latency Time/ Reaction Time, Maximum possible analgesia

    • Reference Drugs

      Morphine Sulphate
  • Acetic Acid induced writhing model PCY/PA-04

    Acetic acid-induced writhing model in mice, measuring number of writhes and % activity.

    • Animal Model

      Swiss Albino Mice

    • End Point

      No. of writhing, % Activity

    • Reference Drugs

      Aspirin
  • Intraarticular injection of CFA for Arthritic Pain model PCY/PA-05

    Intraarticular injection of CFA for arthritic pain model in guinea pigs, measuring Von Frey test, paw immersion, locomotor activity, and knee joint thickness.

    • Animal Model

      Guinea Pig

    • End Point

      Electronic Von-Frey, Pressure Application Measurement, Paw Immersion Test, Locomotor Activity, Knee Joint Thickness

    • Reference Drugs

      Celecoxib
  • Analgesic activity using Formalin induced licking model PCY/PA-06

    Analgesic activity using formalin-induced licking model in mice, assessing the number of licking events and % activity.

    • Animal Model

      Swiss Albino Mice

    • End Point

      No. of licking,% Activity

    • Reference Drugs

      Gabapentin
  • Inflammatory pain model using Carrageenan by Von Frey Test PCY/PA-07

    Inflammatory pain model using carrageenan with Von Frey test in rats, measuring force to withdraw and % activity.

    • Animal Model

      Wistar/SD Rats

    • End Point

      Force required to Withdraw,% Activity

    • Reference Drugs

      Tramadol

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)

  • Adjuvant (CFA) Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis modelPCY/PA-01

    Adjuvant (CFA) Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis model evaluating arthritis score, paw volume, body weight, serum biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), radiography, and hind paw histopathology (H&E).

    • Animal Model

      Rat

    • End Point

      Arthritis Score,Paw volume,Body weight,Serum Biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP etc.), Radiography, Histopathology (H&E) of Hind paw

    • Reference Drugs

      Methotrexate, Dexamethasone
  • Collagen-induced Rheumatoid Arthritis modelPCY/PA-01

    Collagen-induced Rheumatoid Arthritis model assessing arthritis score, paw volume, body weight, serum biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), radiography, and hind paw histopathology (H&E).

    • Animal Model

      Rat

    • End Point

      Arthritis Score,Paw volume, Body weight, Serum Biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP etc.),Radiography, Histopathology (H&E) of Hind paw

    • Reference Drugs

      Methotrexate, Dexamethazone