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"The most fruitful basis of the discovery of a new drug is to start with an old drug" is a quote provided by the Nobel Laureate, and renowned pharmacologist James…

Nowadays, unorganized, and stressful lifestyle causes various health problems. One of these is a change in mental and behavioral health. Neuropharmacology is a branch of science deals with mental (Stress,…

A lifestyle disease is a disease linked to the way a person is living. Lifestyle diseases is an umbrella term that refers to the ailments primarily caused by the daily…

INTRODUCTION A potential missing information in cancer treatment may be an integrated accurate dosing approach that tailors to patient’s tumor characteristics, as well as the extent of drug penetration in…

Preclinical CROs were established to offer expertise and pace for research and development of test products. As this is often necessary for navigating a drug candidate through animal testing and…

This technological branch manipulates the molecular structure of materials to change their intrinsic properties and obtain others with revolutionary applications. In 1959 the American Nobel prize and physicist Richard Feynman…

Genotoxicity assessment is a key part of safety screening that evaluates the effects of physical and chemical agents on the genetic material (Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA) and on the genetic processes…

'All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison'- Paracelsus Anciently toxicology was known as the ‘Science of Poison,’ now a…

Numerous of microbes inhabit the human body, collectively forming the human microbiota. These microbes create complex, organ-specific and adaptive ecosystems, which continually impact the host’s physiology. The bacteria that colonize,…

Introduction 5 batch analysis study is essential to determine the composition of the agrochemical based technical grade/pure material with respect to the active ingredient and its associated impurities. This is…